Lanthanum ingot
Lanthanum
CAS: 7439-91-0
Molecular Formula: La
Lanthanum ingot - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Lanthanum |
| Synonyms | LA000210 LA000215 LA007910 LA000200 LA000240 Lanthanum Lanthanum foil Lanthanum ingot Lanthanum chips Lanthanum powder LanthanuM Metal powder LANTHANUM ICP STANDARD TRACEABLE TO SRM |
| CAS | 7439-91-0 |
| EINECS | 231-099-0 |
| InChI | InChI=1/La |
Lanthanum ingot - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | La |
| Molar Mass | 138.91 |
| Density | 6.19 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | 920 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 3464 °C (lit.) |
| Water Solubility | slowly decomposes in H2O; readily attacked by mineral acids [MER06] |
| Appearance | slugs |
| Specific Gravity | 6.19 |
| Color | Silver-white |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppmOSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3) |
| Merck | 13,5379 |
| Stability | Stable. |
| Sensitive | Air & Moisture Sensitive |
| Use | For iron and steel and non-ferrous metal additives, hydrogen storage matrix materials, the preparation of other metal reducing agent |
Lanthanum ingot - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R11 - Highly Flammable R34 - Causes burns R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R14/15 - |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S27 - Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S43 - In case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.) SNeverusewater. - |
| UN IDs | UN 3264 8/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28053014 |
| Hazard Class | 4.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
Lanthanum ingot - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
silvery white soft metal. The content of lanthanum in the Earth's crust is 0. 00183%, which is one of the most abundant rare earth elements. There are two natural isotopes of lanthanum: lanthanum 139 and radioactive lanthanum 138. Lanthanum is chemically active, rapidly darkening in dry air and corroding in moist air. It can react with water, carbon, nitrogen, boron, selenium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and halogen. Soluble in dilute acid, can decompose water to release hydrogen, slow corrosion in cold water, hot water to speed up. When exposed to heat, open flame, oxidant and other substances, there is a risk of combustion. Generally sealed in solid paraffin or immersed in kerosene.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Lanthanum ingot - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
It is generally prepared by dehydration of hydrated lanthanum chloride, reduction with calcium metal, or electrolysis of anhydrous lanthanum chloride after melting.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:06:21
Lanthanum ingot - Use
Open Data Verified Data
for expensive camera lenses, firearms, battery electrodes, and catalytic converters. High purity lanthanum oxide can be used to manufacture precision lenses; Lanthanum nickel alloy can be used as hydrogen storage material, six lanthanum boride is widely used as high-power electron emission cathode.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:06:22
Lanthanum ingot - Use
Open Data Verified Data
for expensive camera lenses, firearms, battery electrodes, and catalytic converters. High purity lanthanum oxide can be used to manufacture precision lenses; Lanthanum nickel alloy can be used as hydrogen storage material, six lanthanum boride is widely used as high-power electron emission cathode.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:06:23
Lanthanum ingot - Reference Information
| resistivity | 54 ***-cm |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | lanthanum: Symbol La, a silver metal element belonging to group 3 (IIIA) of the periodic table, usually considered to be one of the lanthanides, first, element number 57. It is the most active element in the series. It reacts slightly with cold water but rapidly with hot water, producing hydrogen (H2) and lanthanum oxide (La2O3). It interacts directly with several other elements, including nitrogen, boron, halogens, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus. Its main ore is magnesite, which is separated by an ion exchange process. There are two natural isotopes, lanthanum 139 (stable) and lanthanum 138 (half-life 1010 to 1015 years). Metals with pyrophoric properties are used in the alloys of the Flint, and oxides are used in some optical glasses. However, the greatest use of lanthanum is as a catalyst comprising crude oil. |
| Discovery History | The Element "lanthanum" was named in 1839, at that time, a Swedish called Mosander extracted a new earth plant from impure cerium nitrate and discovered this new element. He referred to the Greek word for "hidden" and named the element "lanthanum". |
| Source | lanthanum has 49 isotopes. One is La-139, which is stable and accounts for 99.910% of the known population on Earth. Another isotope with such a long half-life is considered stable: La-138 has a half-life of 1.05 x 10 11 years, which is only 0.090% of the known abundance of the Earth. All other isotopes are radioactive and have half-lives ranging from 150 nanoseconds to millennia. It is found that the main ore of lanthanum is monazite sand, which is also present in the mineral magnesite. Monazite sand contains all rare earth elements as well as some non-rare earth elements. Its ores are distributed in South Africa, Australia, Brazil and India, as well as in California, Florida and the state of Carolina in the United States. The price of lanthanides is somewhat reasonable, lower than per kilogram of gold. (Gold is about $1800 per kilogram.) Cesium (Ce) is relatively common and is commonly alloyed with La,Nd and Pr and iron to form mixed rare earth metals. |
| Application | 1. Lanthanum is used in the manufacture of electrodes for high-intensity carbon arc lamps for use in film Photo rooms and rhinophores. It is also used for refining advanced euro metals and manufacturing glass with high refractive index, as well as for quality lenses in cameras and scientific instruments. It is also used in the fabrication of robust permanent magnets. Lanthanum is used in electronics, rocket fuels, reductants and automotive catalytic converters. Uses lanthanum is the first element in a rare earth or lanthanide. It is a model for all other trivalent rare earths. After cerium, it is the second highest content of rare earth. Lanthanum-rich lanthanide compounds have been widely used in cracking reactions in FCC catalysts, particularly in the production of high-octane gasoline from heavy crude oil. Lanthanum-rich rare earth metals play an important role in hydrogen storage batteries. It is used in green phosphors based on phosphate (la 0.4ce 0.45t B 0.15)PO4; In laser crystals based on Yttrium-lanthanum-fluoride (YLF) components. Lanthanum metal is an important raw material for the production of hydrogen storage alloys for nickel hydrogen batteries, and can also be used to produce other pure rare earth metals and special alloys. The addition of a small amount of lanthanum to the steel improves its ductility, impact resistance and ductility. A small amount of lanthanum is present in many pool products to remove phosphate from the algae. Lanthanum metal can be further processed into ingots, blocks, wires, foils, plates, rods, disks and powders of various shapes. |
| preparation | the purified metallic state of lanthanum can be obtained from its purified oxide or other salt. One such method involves heating the oxide with ammonium chloride or ammonium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid in a tantalum or tungsten crucible at 300 °c to 400 °c. This is followed by reduction with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals at 1,000°C in argon or in vacuum. Typical reactions are: La2O3 6NH4Cl → 2LaCl3 6NH3 3H2O LaCl3 3Li → La 3LiCl high purity lanthanum can also be produced by electrolyzing a molten mixture of anhydrous lanthanum chloride and sodium chloride or potassium chloride at elevated temperatures. When lanthanum is produced from slag, all processes are the same except for the ore extraction described above. The minerals are pulverized and concentrated by the flotation process. The rare metals lanthanum and rare earth are then converted to chlorides by treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid. Calcination in air results in the formation of rare earth oxides. LaCl3 3Li→La 3LiCl |
| Use | as an additive for steel and non-ferrous metals, as a matrix material for hydrogen storage, reducing agents for the preparation of other metals |
| production method | 1. Generally, it is prepared by dehydration of hydrated lanthanum chloride, reduction with calcium metal, or melting and electrolysis of anhydrous lanthanum chloride. 2.70g of LaCl3 and 18.5g of Ca are thoroughly mixed and stirred in an inert atmosphere into a tantalum crucible or pressed into a cylinder by a motor press into a tantalum crucible with a perforated tantalum cover for ventilation, placed in a closed MgO Crucible [d = 2(in,in = 0.0254m, the same below),h = 7(in,in = 0 μ0254m, the same below)]. Then placed in a quartz tube [d = 2.25(in,in = 0.0254m, the same below)], the tube is sealed by fusion at one end, and the other end is polished so as to be embedded in a 55/50 conical joint. The quartz tube was sealed with paraffin in a vacuum system. Ar (first after purification of hot metal uranium) was charged to P = 1atm, and the reaction was heated to 550~600 ° C. In a 6kw Induction furnace, so that the reaction occurred (the temperature of the tantalum Crucible was suddenly increased). After 5min reached 1000 deg C, maintain 13min so that the generation of rare earth metal complete agglomeration. After cooling to room temperature, the tantalum Crucible was immersed in water to remove CaCl2 and Ca, and the molten rare earth metal remained at the bottom (1% to 3% Ca). 3. Electrolytically melt a mixture of 50g KOH +20g NaOH +8G H2O +10 gla2o3 in a 100ml nickel crucible. The nickel Crucible was placed in a 300W electric furnace, and the temperature was measured with a glass thermometer with a metal cuff. The thick platinum wire was slightly immersed as an anode under the liquid surface of the melt, and the Crucible was used as a cathode at a voltage of 4V. The temperature was controlled at 300 °c until a clear melt was obtained, and after 5min, precipitation in the clear melt began to appear when the temperature reached 310 °c. Until an exotherm of the reaction was observed, the heating was stopped and the temperature dropped to 290 °c. After 20min, the melt was poured out gently to give crystals. The melt was heated at 260~280 C for 2.5h, and the better crystals could be formed. The product was washed with dilute acetic acid. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:32:02
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